|
Wei Guoqing (; Zhuang: Veiz Gozcing) (2 September 1913 – 14 June 1989) was a Chinese government official, military officer and political commissar. He served on the Communist Party of China's Politburo (1973–82) and as Director of the People's Liberation Army's General Political Department (1977–82). Wei was one of the few members of the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Central Committees (1969–87) and the 10th through 12th politburos not purged during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR) or Deng Xiaoping's backlash.〔The others were Marshall Ye Jianying, General Xu Shiyou, economist Li Xiannian, and "mass" representative Ni Zhifu〕 He was also a Vice Chair of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (1975–89) and of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1964–83). Wei was born in Donglan, Guangxi, to a poor Zhuang minority family.〔Editorial Board, ''Who's Who in China Current Leaders'' (Foreign Languages Press: Beijing, 1989), ISBN 0-8351-2352-9), pp.728-729〕 He joined the Chinese Red Army at the age of 16 (1929) and the CPC in 1931. He rose to the rank of battalion commander in the Seventh Army under Deng Xiaoping and was a regimental commander on the Long March. After the Long March he served in the 344th Brigade, and then marched south under Huang Kecheng's 5th Column in January 1940.〔Whitson, William and Huang Chen-hsia, ''The Chinese High Command: A History of Chinese Military Politics, 1927-71'' (Praeger Publishers: New York, 1973), p. 219.〕 By 1944, he commanded the 4th Division of the New Fourth Army, and later three columns (the 2nd, 10th and 12th) of the North Jiangsu Army in the Huai-Hai Campaign. In 1948, Wei held off the Nationalist 2nd Army Corps of Qiu Qingquan and 100 tanks of the 5th Corps under the command of Jiang Weiguo (Chiang Wei-kuo, Chiang Kai-shek's son) in a decisive delaying action in the Huai-Hai Campaign.〔Whitson, pp. 197-198.〕 In 1949, Wei was deputy political commissar of General Ye Fei's Tenth Army Group of the Third Field Army. ==Vietnam== Wei was deeply involved in China's relations with North Vietnam from 1950. In April of that year, Liu Shaoqi sent him to Vietnam as head of the Chinese Military Advisory Group, to advise Ho Chi Minh on fighting the French;〔Li Xiaobing, ''A history of the modern Chinese Army'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2007), ISBN 0-8131-2438-7, ISBN 978-0-8131-2438-4 p. 208〕 Wei remained in Vietnam until September 1955. In this role he led a group of 281 experienced military officers from the Second, Third and Fourth Field Armies in a mission that began within days of the outbreak of the Korean War. Wei's work across Field Army lines would stand him in good stead later in his career. General Chen Geng joined the CMAG in July as the representative of the Central Committee, but left for Korea in November, leaving Wei as the senior Chinese official in Vietnam. In October 1953, Wei reportedly personally gave Ho Chi Minh a copy of the French Navarre plan.〔Qiang Zhai, ''China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975'' (UNC Press, 2000) ISBN 0-8078-4842-5, ISBN 978-0-8078-4842-5 p. 45.〕 In response, the Viet Minh pushed on to Lai Chau and toward northern Laos, rather than the Red River Delta. Some months later, in 1954, Wei is said to have advised General Vo Nguyen Giap to surround and attack General Navarre at Dien Bien Phu, a strategy that eventually led to complete French withdrawal from Indochina. In June 1954, Wei attended the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indochina with Premier Zhou Enlai, USSR Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov, Vietnamese representative Phạm Văn Đồng, US State Department official Bedell Smith and UK Deputy Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs for Administration Anthony Eden. Wei was specifically instructed to discuss military matters with the Vietnamese delegation when Molotov, Smith and Eden were not present.〔http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=va2.document&identifier=66FECF70-ACAE-E1F0-C2BF6B5E27E0487D&sort=Collection&item=1954%20Geneva%20Conference%20on%20Indochina〕 Wei, Pham, Ho, General Giap and others went to Nanning, Guangxi, in late June 1954 to discuss strategy for Indochina. When formal military ranks were introduced in 1955, Wei Guoqing was made a general, and in 1956 became an Alternate Member of the Central Committee at the Eighth National Party Congress.〔''Who's Who,'' p. 729.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wei Guoqing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|